diff --git a/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/ManualTakeover.vue b/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/ManualTakeover.vue
index 1e8ae57..9f78c58 100644
--- a/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/ManualTakeover.vue
+++ b/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/ManualTakeover.vue
@@ -149,9 +149,7 @@
             <div v-if="activeMode === 'artificial' && activeController === 2" class="model-container">
                 <UrdfViewer
                 ref="viewerRef"
-      base-path="/inspection/elfin10/"
-      model-color="#cbcbcb"
-      :show-controls="true"
+                modelPath="/inspection/elfin10/elfin10.urdf.xacro"
                 />
             </div>
             <div v-if="activeMode === 'artificial' && activeController === 3" class="monitor-container">监控</div>
diff --git a/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/ManualTakeover/UrdfView.vue b/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/ManualTakeover/UrdfView.vue
deleted file mode 100644
index edf45fa..0000000
--- a/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/ManualTakeover/UrdfView.vue
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,240 +0,0 @@
-<template>
-  <div class="elfin-viewer">
-    <div ref="viewerContainer" class="viewer-container">
-      <!-- Three.js 渲染 -->
-    </div>
-
-    <div v-if="isLoading" class="loading-overlay">
-      <div class="spinner"></div>
-      <p>正在加载机器人模型...</p>
-      <p class="loading-detail">{{ loadingMessage }}</p>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</template>
-
-<script setup>
-import { ref, onMounted, onBeforeUnmount, nextTick, reactive } from 'vue';
-import * as THREE from 'three';
-import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js';
-import { STLLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/STLLoader.js';
-
-import { XacroAdapter } from '@/adapters/XacroAdapter.js'
-
-const props = defineProps({
-  basePath: { type: String, default: '/inspection/elfin10' },
-  modelColor: { type: String, default: '#cbcbcb' }
-});
-
-const viewerContainer = ref(null);
-const isLoading = ref(true);
-const loadingMessage = ref('初始化...');
-
-let scene, camera, renderer, controls;
-
-const animationId = ref(null);
-const jointControls = reactive([]);
-
-// ============ 场景初始化 ============
-const initScene = () => {
-  const container = viewerContainer.value;
-  const width = container.clientWidth || 800;
-  const height = container.clientHeight || 600;
-  scene = new THREE.Scene();
-  scene.background = new THREE.Color('#000d2e');
-
-  camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(35, width / height, 0.1, 1000);
-  camera.position.set(0, 0, 4);
-
-  renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true, alpha: true });
-  renderer.setSize(width, height);
-
-  container.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
-
-  controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);
-  controls.enableDamping = true;
-  controls.dampingFactor = 0.1;
-  controls.target.set(0, 0.5, 0);
-  controls.update();
-
-  const ambient = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.6)
-  scene.add(ambient);
-
-  const directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1.0);
-  directionalLight.position.set(5, 10, 7);
-  directionalLight.castShadow = true;
-  scene.add(directionalLight);
-};
-
-
-// ============ 关节控制（无需修改） ============
-const updateJoint = (jointName, angle) => {
-  if (!robotInstance) return;
-  const joint = robotInstance.joints[jointName];
-  if (!joint) {
-    console.warn(`未找到关节: ${jointName}`);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // ✅ 使用 setJointValue 触发变换矩阵更新
-  if (joint._jointType === 'revolute' || joint._jointType === 'continuous') {
-    joint.setJointValue(angle);
-  } else if (joint._jointType === 'prismatic') {
-    joint.setJointValue(angle);
-  }
-
-
-  // 同步滑块显示值
-  const control = jointControls.find(c => c.name === jointName);
-  if (control) control.value = angle;
-};
-
-const resetJoints = () => {
-  for (const joint of jointControls) {
-    joint.value = 0;
-    updateJoint(joint.name, 0);
-  }
-};
-
-const fileMap = new Map()
-const loadFiles = async () => {
-  const fileNames = [
-    'elfin10.urdf.xacro',
-    'elfin10_gazebo.xacro',
-    'elfin10_transmission.xacro',
-    'meshes/elfin10/elfin_base.STL',
-    'meshes/elfin10/elfin_end_link.STL',
-    'meshes/elfin10/elfin_link1.STL',
-    'meshes/elfin10/elfin_link2.STL',
-    'meshes/elfin10/elfin_link3.STL',
-    'meshes/elfin10/elfin_link4.STL',
-    'meshes/elfin10/elfin_link5.STL',
-    'meshes/elfin10/elfin_link6.STL'
-  ]
-  const fetchPromises = fileNames.map(async (name) => {
-    const url = `/inspection/elfin10/${name}`
-    const response = await fetch(url)
-    const blob = await response.blob()
-    return new File([blob], name, { type: blob.type })
-  })
-  const fileList = await Promise.all(fetchPromises)
-  fileList.forEach(item => {
-    fileMap.set('elfin10/' + item.name, item);
-  })
-}
-
-const currentModel = ref()
-let robotInstance = null; // 保存 URDFRobot 对象
-
-const loadRobot = async () => {
-  isLoading.value = true;
-  loadingMessage.value = '加载XACRO文件...';
-  const xacroUrl = `${props.basePath}elfin10.urdf.xacro`;
-
-  const response = await fetch(xacroUrl);
-  if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`);
-  const xacroContent = await response.text();
-  const file = fileMap.get('elfin10/elfin10.urdf.xacro')
-  const model = await XacroAdapter.parse(xacroContent, file.name, fileMap, file);
-
-  const robot = model.threeObject; // 这就是 URDFRobot
-
-  // 将机器人添加到场景
-  scene.add(robot);  // ⚠️ 注意：是 robot.scene，不是 robot
-  robot.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
-  isLoading.value = false;
-  currentModel.value = model
-
-  robotInstance = robot;
-
-  // 获取关节条目数组
-  let jointEntries = [];
-  if (robot.joints instanceof Map) {
-    jointEntries = [...robot.joints.entries()];
-  } else if (typeof robot.joints === 'object' && robot.joints !== null) {
-    jointEntries = Object.entries(robot.joints);
-  } else if (Array.isArray(robot.joints)) {
-    jointEntries = robot.joints.map((j, i) => [i, j]); // 索引作为名称
-  } else {
-    console.error('未知的 joints 结构:', robot.joints);
-  }
-
-  // 填充关节控制列表
-  for (const [name, joint] of jointEntries) {
-    if (joint._jointType === 'fixed') continue;
-    const limits = joint.limits || {};
-    let lower = limits.lower !== undefined ? limits.lower : -Math.PI;
-    let upper = limits.upper !== undefined ? limits.upper : Math.PI;
-    // 如果是连续关节，范围设为 -PI ~ PI
-    if (joint._jointType === 'continuous') {
-      lower = -Math.PI;
-      upper = Math.PI;
-    }
-    // 初始角度一般为 0
-    jointControls.push({
-      name,
-      min: lower,
-      max: upper,
-      value: 0, // 因为 joint.angle 初始为 0
-    });
-  }
-};
-
-// ============ 动画循环 ============
-const animate = () => {
-  animationId.value = requestAnimationFrame(animate);
-  controls?.update();
-  renderer?.render(scene, camera);
-};
-
-// ============ 生命周期 ============
-onMounted(async () => {
-  await nextTick();
-  await loadFiles()
-  initScene();
-  await loadRobot();
-  animate();
-  window.addEventListener('resize', onResize);
-});
-
-onBeforeUnmount(() => {
-  if (animationId.value) cancelAnimationFrame(animationId.value);
-  window.removeEventListener('resize', onResize);
-  renderer?.dispose();
-  controls?.dispose();
-});
-
-const onResize = () => {
-  const container = viewerContainer.value;
-  if (!container || !camera || !renderer) return;
-  const width = container.clientWidth;
-  const height = container.clientHeight;
-  camera.aspect = width / height;
-  camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
-  renderer.setSize(width, height);
-};
-
-defineExpose({ updateJoint, resetJoints, jointControls });
-</script>
-
-<style scoped>
-.elfin-viewer {
-  width: 100%;
-  height: 100%;
-  position: relative;
-  overflow: hidden;
-  background: #0d0d1a;
-}
-
-.viewer-container {
-  width: 100%;
-  height: 100%;
-}
-
-.viewer-container canvas {
-  display: block;
-  width: 100% !important;
-  height: 100% !important;
-}
-
-
-</style>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/ManualTakeover/index.vue b/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/ManualTakeover/index.vue
index c31703a..63bd4aa 100644
--- a/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/ManualTakeover/index.vue
+++ b/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/ManualTakeover/index.vue
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
                 <MapCanvas :robotList="robotList" ref="mapCanvasRef" />
             </div>
             <div v-if="activeMode === 'artificial' && activeController === 2" class="model-container">
-                <UrdfViewer ref="urdfViewerRef" base-path="/inspection/elfin10/" />
+                <UrdfViewer ref="urdfViewerRef" modelPath="/inspection/elfin10/elfin10.urdf.xacro" />
             </div>
             <div v-if="activeMode === 'artificial' && activeController === 3" class="monitor-container">监控</div>
         </div>
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 <script setup>
 import { onMounted, nextTick } from "vue";
 import SvgIcon from "@/components/SvgIcon";
-import UrdfViewer from './UrdfView.vue'
+import UrdfViewer from '../UrdfView.vue'
 import DirectionControl from './DirectionControl.vue'
 import RoboticArm from "./RoboticArm.vue";
 import { getRobotList } from '@/api/inspection/robot'
diff --git a/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/UrdfView.vue b/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/UrdfView.vue
index b411dde..254c787 100644
--- a/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/UrdfView.vue
+++ b/src/views/inspection/cockpit/components/UrdfView.vue
@@ -3,501 +3,230 @@
     <div ref="viewerContainer" class="viewer-container">
       <!-- Three.js 渲染 -->
     </div>
-    
-    <div v-if="isLoading" class="loading-overlay">
-      <div class="spinner"></div>
-      <p>正在加载机器人模型...</p>
-      <p class="loading-detail">{{ loadingMessage }}</p>
-    </div>
-
-    <div class="control-panel" v-if="!isLoading && jointControls.length > 0">
-      <h4>关节控制</h4>
-      <div class="joint-list">
-        <div v-for="joint in jointControls" :key="joint.name" class="joint-item">
-          <label :for="joint.name">{{ joint.displayName }}</label>
-          <input
-            type="range"
-            :id="joint.name"
-            :min="joint.min"
-            :max="joint.max"
-            :step="0.01"
-            v-model.number="joint.value"
-            @input="updateJoint(joint.name, joint.value)"
-          />
-          <span class="angle">{{ (joint.value * 180 / Math.PI).toFixed(1) }}°</span>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-      <button @click="resetJoints" class="reset-btn">重置关节</button>
-    </div>
   </div>
 </template>
 
 <script setup>
-import { ref, onMounted, onBeforeUnmount, nextTick, reactive } from 'vue';
+import { computed, ref, onMounted, onBeforeUnmount, nextTick, reactive } from 'vue';
 import * as THREE from 'three';
 import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js';
-import { STLLoader } from 'three/examples/jsm/loaders/STLLoader.js';
+import URDFLoader from 'urdf-loader';
+
+import { XacroAdapter } from '@/adapters/XacroAdapter.js'
+import { URDFAdapter } from '@/adapters/URDFAdapter.js'
 
 const props = defineProps({
-  basePath: { type: String, default: '/inspection/elfin10' },
-  modelColor: { type: String, default: '#cbcbcb' },
-  showControls: { type: Boolean, default: true }
-});
+  modelPath: {
+    type: String,
+    default: '/inspection/elfin10/elfin10.urdf.xacro'
+  },
+  filePath: {
+    type: String,
+    default: ''
+  },
+  fileName: {
+    type: String,
+    default: ''
+  }
+})
 
-const viewerContainer = ref(null);
-const isLoading = ref(true);
-const loadingMessage = ref('初始化...');
-
-let scene, camera, renderer, controls;
-let robotGroup = null;
-const jointMap = new Map();
-const animationId = ref(null);
-const jointControls = reactive([]);
-
-// ============ XACRO 解析器 ============
-class XacroParser {
-  constructor() {
-    this.variables = new Map();
-    this.macros = new Map();
-    this.includes = [];
-    this.robotXml = null;
-  }
-  parse(xacroContent) {
-    const parser = new DOMParser();
-    const xmlDoc = parser.parseFromString(xacroContent, 'text/xml');
-    const properties = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName('xacro:property');
-    for (const prop of properties) {
-      const name = prop.getAttribute('name');
-      const value = prop.getAttribute('value');
-      if (name && value) this.variables.set(name, this.evaluateExpression(value));
-    }
-    const includes = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName('xacro:include');
-    for (const inc of includes) {
-      const filename = inc.getAttribute('filename');
-      if (filename) this.includes.push(filename);
-    }
-    const macros = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName('xacro:macro');
-    for (const macro of macros) {
-      const name = macro.getAttribute('name');
-      const params = macro.getAttribute('params') || '';
-      if (name) {
-        this.macros.set(name, {
-          params: params.split(/\s+/).filter(p => p),
-          content: macro.innerHTML
-        });
-      }
-    }
-    this.robotXml = this.processRobotXml(xmlDoc);
-    return this.robotXml;
-  }
-  processRobotXml(xmlDoc) {
-    const doc = xmlDoc.cloneNode(true);
-    const allElements = Array.from(doc.getElementsByTagName('*'));
-    for (const elem of allElements) {
-      if (elem.tagName.toLowerCase().startsWith('xacro:')) {
-        elem.parentNode?.removeChild(elem);
-      }
-    }
-    const remaining = Array.from(doc.getElementsByTagName('*'));
-    for (const elem of remaining) {
-      for (const attr of elem.attributes) {
-        if (attr.value?.includes('${')) attr.value = this.replaceVariables(attr.value);
-      }
-      if (elem.textContent?.includes('${')) elem.textContent = this.replaceVariables(elem.textContent);
-    }
-    return doc;
-  }
-  replaceVariables(text) {
-    return text.replace(/\$\{([^}]+)\}/g, (match, expr) => this.evaluateExpression(expr));
-  }
-  evaluateExpression(expr) {
-    expr = expr.trim();
-    if (!expr) return '0';
-    try {
-      for (const [key, value] of this.variables) {
-        if (key.length === 0) continue;
-        const regex = new RegExp('\\b' + this.escapeRegex(key) + '\\b', 'g');
-        expr = expr.replace(regex, '(' + value + ')');
-      }
-      expr = expr.replace(/\bPI\b/g, '(' + Math.PI + ')');
-      expr = expr.replace(/\bpi\b/g, '(' + Math.PI + ')');
-      const sanitized = expr.replace(/\s+/g, '');
-      if (/^[\d+\-*/().eE]+$/.test(sanitized)) {
-        const result = Function('"use strict"; return (' + sanitized + ')')();
-        if (typeof result === 'number' && isFinite(result)) return result.toString();
-      }
-      console.warn('表达式求值失败，返回原值:', expr);
-      return expr;
-    } catch (e) {
-      console.warn('表达式求值异常:', expr, e);
-      return expr;
-    }
-  }
-  escapeRegex(str) {
-    return str.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&');
-  }
-  getRobotXml() { return this.robotXml; }
-  getIncludes() { return this.includes; }
+const normalizePublicPath = (path) => {
+  let normalized = path.trim().replace(/\\/g, '/')
+  normalized = normalized.replace(/^[a-zA-Z]:.*?\/public\//, '/')
+  normalized = normalized.replace(/^\.?\/?public\//, '/')
+  return normalized.startsWith('/') ? normalized : `/${normalized}`
 }
 
-// ============ 工具函数 ============
-const cleanMeshPath = (path) => {
-  if (!path) return '';
-  path = path.replace(/^file:\/\//, '');
-  path = path.replace(/^package:\/\/[^/]+\//, '');
-  const findMatch = path.match(/\$\(find\s+([^)]+)\)/);
-  if (findMatch) path = path.replace(/\$\(find\s+[^)]+\)/, '');
-  path = path.replace(/\\/g, '/').replace(/^\/+/, '');
-  return path;
-};
+const modelUrl = computed(() => normalizePublicPath(
+  props.filePath && props.fileName
+    ? `${props.filePath.replace(/[\\/]?$/, '/')}${props.fileName}`
+    : props.modelPath
+))
 
-const parseXYZ = (str) => {
-  if (!str) return { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 };
-  const [x, y, z] = str.trim().split(/\s+/).map(Number);
-  return { x: x || 0, y: y || 0, z: z || 0 };
-};
+const modelDirectory = computed(() => modelUrl.value.slice(0, modelUrl.value.lastIndexOf('/') + 1))
 
-const parseRPY = (str) => {
-  if (!str) return { roll: 0, pitch: 0, yaw: 0 };
-  const [r, p, y] = str.trim().split(/\s+/).map(Number);
-  return { roll: r || 0, pitch: p || 0, yaw: y || 0 };
-};
+const viewerContainer = ref(null);
 
-// ★ 正确转换 RPY → 四元数（URDF 固定轴 XYZ = Three.js 局部轴 ZYX）
-const rpyToQuaternion = (rpy) => {
-  const euler = new THREE.Euler(rpy.roll, rpy.pitch, rpy.yaw, 'ZYX');
-  return new THREE.Quaternion().setFromEuler(euler);
-};
+let scene, camera, renderer, controls;
 
-// ============ STL 加载 ============
-const loadSTLWithRetry = (url, group, visualPos, visualQuat) => {
-  return new Promise((resolve) => {
-    const loader = new STLLoader();
-    const loadMesh = (attemptUrl) => {
-      loader.load(
-        attemptUrl,
-        (geometry) => {
-          geometry.computeVertexNormals();
-          const material = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({
-            color: props.modelColor,
-            roughness: 0.4,
-            metalness: 0.3,
-          });
-          const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
-          mesh.position.set(visualPos.x, visualPos.y, visualPos.z);
-          mesh.quaternion.copy(visualQuat);          // 使用四元数
-          mesh.castShadow = true;
-          mesh.receiveShadow = true;
-          while (group.children.length > 0) {
-            const child = group.children[0];
-            if (child.isMesh) {
-              child.geometry?.dispose();
-              child.material?.dispose();
-            }
-            group.remove(child);
-          }
-          group.add(mesh);
-          resolve(mesh);
-        },
-        undefined,
-        (error) => {
-          console.warn(`加载STL失败: ${attemptUrl}`, error);
-          if (!attemptUrl.startsWith('/') && !attemptUrl.startsWith('http')) {
-            loadMesh('/' + attemptUrl);
-          } else {
-            resolve(null);
-          }
-        }
-      );
-    };
-    loadMesh(url);
-  });
-};
-
-// ============ URDF 解析与构建（严格修复） ============
-const parseAndBuildRobot = async (urdfDoc) => {
-  const links = urdfDoc.getElementsByTagName('link');
-  const jointsRaw = urdfDoc.getElementsByTagName('joint');
-  const joints = sortJointsTopologically(jointsRaw, links);
-  const linkGroupMap = new Map();
-  const mainGroup = new THREE.Group();
-  mainGroup.name = 'robot';
-
-  loadingMessage.value = '创建链接结构...';
-  for (const link of links) {
-    const name = link.getAttribute('name');
-    const group = new THREE.Group();
-    group.name = name;
-    const visual = link.getElementsByTagName('visual')[0];
-    if (visual) {
-      const origin = visual.getElementsByTagName('origin')[0];
-      const geometry = visual.getElementsByTagName('geometry')[0];
-      const meshTag = geometry?.getElementsByTagName('mesh')[0];
-      if (meshTag) {
-        let meshPath = cleanMeshPath(meshTag.getAttribute('filename'));
-        let visualPos = { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 };
-        let visualQuat = new THREE.Quaternion();
-        if (origin) {
-          const rawXyz = parseXYZ(origin.getAttribute('xyz') || '0 0 0');
-          const rawRpy = parseRPY(origin.getAttribute('rpy') || '0 0 0');
-          visualPos = rawXyz;
-          visualQuat = rpyToQuaternion(rawRpy);      // ★ 使用正确顺序
-        }
-        group.userData = {
-          meshPath: `${props.basePath}${meshPath}`,
-          visualPos,
-          visualQuat
-        };
-      }
-    }
-    linkGroupMap.set(name, group);
-    mainGroup.add(group);
-  }
-
-  loadingMessage.value = '加载3D模型文件...';
-  const loadPromises = [];
-  for (const [name, group] of linkGroupMap) {
-    if (group.userData.meshPath) {
-      loadPromises.push(
-        loadSTLWithRetry(group.userData.meshPath, group, group.userData.visualPos, group.userData.visualQuat)
-      );
-    }
-  }
-  await Promise.allSettled(loadPromises);
-
-  loadingMessage.value = '构建关节结构...';
-  const jointDataList = [];
-  for (const joint of joints) {
-    const type = joint.getAttribute('type');
-    const name = joint.getAttribute('name');
-    const parent = joint.getElementsByTagName('parent')[0]?.getAttribute('link');
-    const child = joint.getElementsByTagName('child')[0]?.getAttribute('link');
-    const origin = joint.getElementsByTagName('origin')[0];
-    let xyz = { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 };
-    let rpy = { roll: 0, pitch: 0, yaw: 0 };
-    if (origin) {
-      xyz = parseXYZ(origin.getAttribute('xyz') || '0 0 0');
-      rpy = parseRPY(origin.getAttribute('rpy') || '0 0 0');
-    }
-    const axis = joint.getElementsByTagName('axis')[0];
-    const axisVec = parseXYZ(axis?.getAttribute('xyz') || '0 0 1');
-    const limit = joint.getElementsByTagName('limit')[0];
-    const min = limit ? parseFloat(limit.getAttribute('lower')) : -Math.PI;
-    const max = limit ? parseFloat(limit.getAttribute('upper')) : Math.PI;
-    jointDataList.push({
-      name, type, parent, child, xyz, rpy,
-      axis: new THREE.Vector3(axisVec.x, axisVec.y, axisVec.z),
-      min, max
-    });
-  }
-
-  // 构建层级（Euler 顺序 ZYX）
-  for (const jointData of jointDataList) {
-    const { name, type, parent, child, xyz, rpy, axis, min, max } = jointData;
-    const parentGroup = linkGroupMap.get(parent);
-    const childGroup = linkGroupMap.get(child);
-    if (!parentGroup || !childGroup) {
-      console.warn(`关节 ${name} 的父或子链接不存在`);
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (mainGroup.children.includes(childGroup)) mainGroup.remove(childGroup);
-    if (parentGroup.children.includes(childGroup)) parentGroup.remove(childGroup);
-
-    if (type === 'revolute' || type === 'continuous') {
-      const varGroup = new THREE.Group();
-      varGroup.name = name + '_var';
-
-      const originGroup = new THREE.Group();
-      originGroup.name = name + '_origin';
-      originGroup.position.set(xyz.x, xyz.y, xyz.z);
-      // ★ 使用正确顺序
-      const euler = new THREE.Euler(rpy.roll, rpy.pitch, rpy.yaw, 'ZYX');
-      originGroup.quaternion.setFromEuler(euler);
-
-      originGroup.add(childGroup);
-      varGroup.add(originGroup);
-      jointMap.set(name, {
-        name,
-        group: varGroup,
-        axis: axis.clone().normalize(),      // 仍为 Z-up 轴，稍后在 loadRobot 中统一变换
-        min, max,
-        value: 0,
-        displayName: name.replace(/_/g, ' ').replace('elfin ', '')
-      });
-      parentGroup.add(varGroup);
-    } else {
-      // 固定关节
-      childGroup.position.set(xyz.x, xyz.y, xyz.z);
-      const euler = new THREE.Euler(rpy.roll, rpy.pitch, rpy.yaw, 'ZYX');
-      childGroup.quaternion.setFromEuler(euler);
-      parentGroup.add(childGroup);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return mainGroup;
-};
-
-// ============ 拓扑排序 ============
-const sortJointsTopologically = (joints, links) => {
-  const childToJoint = new Map();
-  const allLinkNames = new Set();
-  for (const link of links) allLinkNames.add(link.getAttribute('name'));
-  const jointArray = Array.from(joints);
-  for (const joint of jointArray) {
-    const child = joint.getElementsByTagName('child')[0]?.getAttribute('link');
-    if (child) childToJoint.set(child, joint);
-  }
-  const childLinks = new Set(childToJoint.keys());
-  const rootLinks = [...allLinkNames].filter(name => !childLinks.has(name));
-  const sorted = [];
-  const queue = [...rootLinks];
-  const visited = new Set();
-  while (queue.length > 0) {
-    const linkName = queue.shift();
-    for (const joint of jointArray) {
-      const parent = joint.getElementsByTagName('parent')[0]?.getAttribute('link');
-      const child = joint.getElementsByTagName('child')[0]?.getAttribute('link');
-      if (parent === linkName && !visited.has(joint.getAttribute('name'))) {
-        visited.add(joint.getAttribute('name'));
-        sorted.push(joint);
-        if (child) queue.push(child);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  for (const joint of jointArray) {
-    if (!visited.has(joint.getAttribute('name'))) sorted.push(joint);
-  }
-  return sorted;
-};
+const animationId = ref(null);
+const jointControls = reactive([]);
 
 // ============ 场景初始化 ============
 const initScene = () => {
   const container = viewerContainer.value;
   const width = container.clientWidth || 800;
   const height = container.clientHeight || 600;
+
   scene = new THREE.Scene();
-  scene.background = new THREE.Color(0x1a1a2e);
-  camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, width / height, 0.1, 1000);
-  camera.position.set(2, 2, 3);
+  scene.background = new THREE.Color('#050a14');
+
+  camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(35, width / height, 0.1, 1000);
+  camera.position.set(0, 0, 4);
+
   renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true, alpha: true });
   renderer.setSize(width, height);
-  renderer.setPixelRatio(Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio, 2));
-  renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true;
-  renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.PCFSoftShadowMap;
-  renderer.toneMapping = THREE.ACESFilmicToneMapping;
-  renderer.toneMappingExposure = 1.2;
+
   container.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
+
   controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);
   controls.enableDamping = true;
   controls.dampingFactor = 0.1;
   controls.target.set(0, 0.5, 0);
   controls.update();
 
-  const ambient = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x404060, 0.6);
+  const ambient = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.6)
   scene.add(ambient);
-  const main = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1.0);
-  main.position.set(5, 10, 7);
-  main.castShadow = true;
-  scene.add(main);
-  const fill = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0x8888ff, 0.4);
-  fill.position.set(-5, 0, 5);
-  scene.add(fill);
-  const rim = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.3);
-  rim.position.set(0, -5, 5);
-  scene.add(rim);
-  const grid = new THREE.GridHelper(3, 20, 0x444466, 0x333355);
-  grid.position.y = -0.5;
-  scene.add(grid);
+
+  const directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1.0);
+  directionalLight.position.set(5, 10, 7);
+  directionalLight.castShadow = true;
+  scene.add(directionalLight);
 };
 
 // ============ 关节控制（无需修改） ============
 const updateJoint = (jointName, angle) => {
-  const joint = jointMap.get(jointName);
-  if (!joint) return;
-  const clampedAngle = Math.max(joint.min, Math.min(joint.max, angle));
-  joint.value = clampedAngle;
+  if (!robotInstance) return;
 
-  joint.group.quaternion.identity();
-  const axis = joint.axis.clone().normalize();
-  joint.group.quaternion.setFromAxisAngle(axis, clampedAngle); // 正负根据实际情况调整
+  const joint = robotInstance.joints[jointName];
 
-  const control = jointControls.find(j => j.name === jointName);
-  if (control) control.value = clampedAngle;
+  if (!joint) {
+    console.warn(`未找到关节: ${jointName}`);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // ✅ 使用 setJointValue 触发变换矩阵更新
+  if (joint._jointType === 'revolute' || joint._jointType === 'continuous') {
+    joint.setJointValue(angle);
+  } else if (joint._jointType === 'prismatic') {
+    joint.setJointValue(angle);
+  }
+
+  // 同步滑块显示值
+  const control = jointControls.find(c => c.name === jointName);
+  if (control) control.value = angle;
 };
 
 const resetJoints = () => {
-  for (const joint of jointControls) updateJoint(joint.name, 0);
-};
-
-// ============ 加载机器人（轴变换加入） ============
-const loadRobot = async () => {
-  try {
-    isLoading.value = true;
-    loadingMessage.value = '加载XACRO文件...';
-    const xacroUrl = `${props.basePath}elfin10.urdf.xacro`;
-    const response = await fetch(xacroUrl);
-    if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`);
-    const xacroContent = await response.text();
-    loadingMessage.value = '解析XACRO...';
-    const parser = new XacroParser();
-    const robotDoc = parser.parse(xacroContent);
-    loadingMessage.value = '构建机器人模型...';
-    robotGroup = await parseAndBuildRobot(robotDoc);
-    if (robotGroup) {
-      scene.add(robotGroup);
-      // ★ 全局旋转：Z-up → Y-up
-      robotGroup.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
-
-      // ★ 关键：将所有关节轴从 Z-up 坐标系变换到 Y-up 坐标系
-      const globalQuat = new THREE.Quaternion().setFromEuler(
-        new THREE.Euler(-Math.PI / 2, 0, 0, 'XYZ')
-      );
-      const globalQuat1 = new THREE.Quaternion().setFromEuler(
-        new THREE.Euler(-Math.PI / 2, 0, 0, 'ZXY')
-      );
-      for (const joint of jointMap.values()) {
-        if (['joint2', 'joint6'].includes(joint.displayName)) {
-            joint.axis.applyQuaternion(globalQuat).normalize();
-        }
-        if (['joint3', 'joint4', 'joint5'].includes(joint.displayName)) {
-            joint.axis.applyQuaternion(globalQuat1).normalize();
-        }
-      }
-
-      jointControls.length = 0;
-      for (const [name, joint] of jointMap) {
-        jointControls.push({
-          name,
-          displayName: joint.displayName,
-          value: 0,
-          min: joint.min,
-          max: joint.max
-        });
-      }
-      fitCamera();
-    }
-    isLoading.value = false;
-    loadingMessage.value = '加载完成';
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error('加载机器人失败:', error);
-    isLoading.value = false;
-    loadingMessage.value = `加载失败: ${error.message}`;
+  for (const joint of jointControls) {
+    joint.value = 0;
+    updateJoint(joint.name, 0);
   }
 };
 
-const fitCamera = () => {
-  if (!robotGroup) return;
-  const box = new THREE.Box3().setFromObject(robotGroup);
-  const center = box.getCenter(new THREE.Vector3());
-  const size = box.getSize(new THREE.Vector3());
-  const maxDim = Math.max(size.x, size.y, size.z);
-  if (maxDim === 0) return;
-  const distance = maxDim / (2 * Math.tan((camera.fov * Math.PI) / 360));
-  const direction = new THREE.Vector3(1, 1, 1).normalize();
-  camera.position.copy(center).add(direction.multiplyScalar(distance * 1.5));
-  controls.target.copy(center);
-  controls.update();
+const fileMap = new Map()
+const resolveReferencedUrl = (reference, parentUrl) => {
+  const normalized = reference.replace(/\\/g, '/')
+  const rosPath = normalized.match(/^(?:file:\/\/)?\$\(find\s+[^)]+\)\/(.+)$/)
+  if (rosPath) return `${modelDirectory.value}${rosPath[1]}`
+
+  const packagePath = normalized.match(/^package:\/\/[^/]+\/(.+)$/)
+  if (packagePath) return `${modelDirectory.value}${packagePath[1]}`
+
+  if (/^(?:https?:|blob:|data:)/i.test(normalized)) return normalized
+  return new URL(normalized, new URL(parentUrl, window.location.origin)).pathname
+}
+
+const loadFiles = async () => {
+  fileMap.clear()
+  if (!modelUrl.value.toLowerCase().endsWith('.xacro')) return
+
+  const pendingUrls = [modelUrl.value]
+  const visitedUrls = new Set()
+  while (pendingUrls.length) {
+    const url = pendingUrls.shift()
+    if (visitedUrls.has(url)) continue
+    visitedUrls.add(url)
+
+    const response = await fetch(url)
+    if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`加载模型依赖失败：${url} (HTTP ${response.status})`)
+    const blob = await response.blob()
+    const fileName = url.split('/').pop()
+    const file = new File([blob], fileName, { type: blob.type })
+    fileMap.set(url, file)
+
+    if (!/\.(?:xacro|urdf|xml)$/i.test(fileName)) continue
+    const content = await blob.text()
+    const references = [...content.matchAll(/\b(?:filename|url)=["']([^"']+)["']/gi)]
+    references.forEach(([, reference]) => {
+      const referencedUrl = resolveReferencedUrl(reference, url)
+      if (!visitedUrls.has(referencedUrl)) pendingUrls.push(referencedUrl)
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+const currentModel = ref()
+let robotInstance = null; // 保存 URDFRobot 对象
+
+const parseUrdf = async (urdfContent) => {
+  const loader = new URDFLoader()
+  loader.parseCollision = true
+
+  const packageNames = [...urdfContent.matchAll(/package:\/\/([^/]+)/g)].map(match => match[1])
+  loader.packages = Object.fromEntries(
+    [...new Set(packageNames)].map(packageName => [packageName, `${modelDirectory.value}${packageName}`])
+  )
+
+  const robot = loader.parse(urdfContent, modelDirectory.value)
+  return URDFAdapter.convert(robot, urdfContent)
+}
+
+const loadRobot = async () => {
+  const response = await fetch(modelUrl.value);
+  if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`加载模型失败：${modelUrl.value} (HTTP ${response.status})`);
+  const content = await response.text();
+  const fileName = modelUrl.value.split('/').pop()
+  const lowerCaseFileName = fileName.toLowerCase()
+  let model
+  if (lowerCaseFileName.endsWith('.xacro')) {
+    const file = fileMap.get(modelUrl.value) || new File([content], fileName, { type: 'text/xml' })
+    model = await XacroAdapter.parse(content, file.name, fileMap, file);
+  } else if (lowerCaseFileName.endsWith('.urdf')) {
+    model = await parseUrdf(content)
+  } else {
+    throw new Error(`不支持的模型格式：${fileName}，仅支持 .xacro 和 .urdf`)
+  }
+
+  const robot = model.threeObject; 
+
+  // 将机器人添加到场景
+  scene.add(robot);
+  robot.rotation.x = -Math.PI / 2;
+  currentModel.value = model
+
+  robotInstance = robot;
+
+  // 获取关节条目数组
+  let jointEntries = [];
+  if (robot.joints instanceof Map) {
+    jointEntries = [...robot.joints.entries()];
+  } else if (typeof robot.joints === 'object' && robot.joints !== null) {
+    jointEntries = Object.entries(robot.joints);
+  } else if (Array.isArray(robot.joints)) {
+    jointEntries = robot.joints.map((j, i) => [i, j]); // 索引作为名称
+  } else {
+    console.error('未知的 joints 结构:', robot.joints);
+  }
+
+  // 填充关节控制列表
+  for (const [name, joint] of jointEntries) {
+    if (joint._jointType === 'fixed') continue;
+    const limits = joint.limits || {};
+    let lower = limits.lower !== undefined ? limits.lower : -Math.PI;
+    let upper = limits.upper !== undefined ? limits.upper : Math.PI;
+    // 如果是连续关节，范围设为 -PI ~ PI
+    if (joint._jointType === 'continuous') {
+      lower = -Math.PI;
+      upper = Math.PI;
+    }
+    // 初始角度一般为 0
+    jointControls.push({
+      name,
+      min: lower,
+      max: upper,
+      value: 0, // 因为 joint.angle 初始为 0
+    });
+  }
 };
 
 // ============ 动画循环 ============
@@ -510,6 +239,7 @@ const animate = () => {
 // ============ 生命周期 ============
 onMounted(async () => {
   await nextTick();
+  await loadFiles()
   initScene();
   await loadRobot();
   animate();
@@ -533,56 +263,30 @@ const onResize = () => {
   renderer.setSize(width, height);
 };
 
-defineExpose({ updateJoint, resetJoints, jointControls, jointMap });
+defineExpose({ updateJoint, resetJoints, jointControls });
 </script>
 
-<style scoped>
+<style lang="scss" scoped>
 .elfin-viewer {
   width: 100%;
   height: 100%;
   position: relative;
   overflow: hidden;
-  background: #0d0d1a;
+  background: #050a14;
+
+  .viewer-container {
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 100%;
+
+    canvas {
+      display: block;
+      width: 100% !important;
+      height: 100% !important;
+    }
+  }
 }
-.viewer-container {
-  width: 100%;
-  height: 100%;
-}
-.viewer-container canvas {
-  display: block;
-  width: 100% !important;
-  height: 100% !important;
-}
-.control-panel {
-  position: absolute;
-  top: 20px;
-  right: 20px;
-  background: rgba(20, 20, 40, 0.85);
-  padding: 15px;
-  border-radius: 8px;
-  color: #ccc;
-  max-height: 80%;
-  overflow-y: auto;
-}
-.joint-item {
-  display: flex;
-  align-items: center;
-  gap: 8px;
-  margin-bottom: 10px;
-}
-.joint-item label {
-  width: 120px;
-  font-size: 0.9em;
-}
-.joint-item input[type=range] {
-  flex: 1;
-}
-.angle {
-  width: 50px;
-  text-align: right;
-}
-.reset-btn {
-  margin-top: 10px;
-  width: 100%;
-}
-</style>
\ No newline at end of file
+
+
+
+
+</style>